Open Access Books - Health Science - 2022

Permanent URI for this collection

http://repository.vlu.edu.vn:443/handle/123456789/5454

Browse

Browsing Open Access Books - Health Science - 2022 by Title

  • Publication
    Antisense RNA Design, Delivery, and Analysis
    ( 2022)
    Virginia Arechavala-Gomeza, Alejandro Garanto (Editors)
    "This open access volume gathers a variety of models, delivery systems, and approaches that can be used to assess RNA technology for exploiting antisense as a therapeutic intervention. Beginning with a section on the design of antisense technology and their delivery, the book continues by covering model systems developed to evaluate efficacy, both in vivo and in vitro, as well as methods to evaluate preclinically the toxicity associated with these new potential drugs, and intellectual property considerations. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Antisense RNA Design, Delivery, and Analysis provides basic knowledge and a large collection of methods to facilitate the work of newcomers to this vibrant and expanding field. This book was conceived thanks to the network DARTER (Delivery of Antisense RNA Therapeutics). DARTER is funded by the EU Cooperation of Science and Technology (COST), which aims to enhance interaction and collaborations between researchers in Europe and other countries." This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Assessment of Cancer Screening
    ( 2022)
    Pamela M. Marcus
    "Cancer screening is a prominent strategy in cancer control in the United States, yet the ability to correctly interpret cancer screening data eludes many researchers, clinicians, and policy makers. This open access primer rectifies that situation by teaching readers, in simple language and with straightforward examples, why and how the population-level cancer burden changes when screening is implemented, and how we assess whether that change is of benefit. This book provides an in-depth look at the many aspects of cancer screening and its assessment, including screening phenomena, performance measures, population-level outcomes, research designs, and other important and timely topics. Concise, accessible, and focused, Assessment of Cancer Screening: A Primer is best suited to those with education or experience in clinical research or public health in the United States - no previous knowledge of cancer screening assessment is necessary. This is the first text dedicated to cancer screening theory and methodology to be published in 20 years." This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Axial Spondyloarthritis: Patient-Reported Impact in Europe
    ( 2022)
    Marco Garrido-Cumbrera, Victoria Navarro-Compán, Christine Bundy, Raj Mahapatra, Souzi Makri, Carlos J. Delgado-Domínguez, Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos, Denis Poddubnyy
    "This open access book provides an overview of the International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS) project -focusing on Europe-, a wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary collaboration between academic groups, Health Care Professionals (HCPs), patient organizations and Novartis. IMAS was conceived to improve knowledge of Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and raise awareness of its heavy burden globally. By asking more than 2,000 patients across Europe about the impact of axSpA on multiple aspects of their life, the full extent of this disease was investigated from a direct patient perspective. This allowed a unique understanding of how living with axSpA affects the daily lives and well-being of patients, and how this varies between European countries. Axial Spondyloarthritis: Patient-Reported Impact in Europe highlights opportunities for progressing quality patient care to be applied to health services globally. HCPs, policy makers and patients will find this book to be an indispensable resource for improving the understanding of this chronic condition, including patients’ clinical outcomes, the protection of those at risk of psychological distress, and the economic burden on patients and society." This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Cancer in the Arab World
    ( 2022)
    Humaid O. Al-Shamsi, Ibrahim H. Abu-Gheida, Faryal Iqbal, Aydah Al-Awadhi (Editors)
    "This is an Open Access book. This book is a must-have for healthcare providers and researchers, public health specialists and policy makers who are interested and involved in cancer care in the Arab world. The Arab world consists of 22 countries, which are members of the Arab League and spanning over 13,132,327 km2 with over 423,000,000 population. Over the past few decades, the Arab world has witnessed a swift evolution in healthcare provision. Nonetheless, Arab countries have considerable variability in economic capabilities, resource allocation, and intellectual talent that inevitably reflect on access to modern cancer care and prevention. This book is authored by experts from the Arab world who provide vital information on cancer statistics and risk factors, available clinical care pathways and infrastructure, and prevention programs in their individual countries. The chapters also address specific challenges in each country and insights into future directions to achieve optimal care with conventional and novel diagnostics and therapies to keep up with the era of precision medicine. Cancer in the Arab World is the first comprehensive book that addresses cancer care in depth in all Arab countries and it is endorsed by the prestigious Emirates Oncology Society." This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Clinical Concepts and Practical Management Techniques in Dentistry
    ( 2022)
    Aneesa Moolla, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke (editors)
    Oral healthcare deals with complete oral health, including prevention, treatment, and cure. This book provides readers with the latest updates on dental clinical concepts and practical management techniques. It is divided into four sections that contain in-depth chapters with concepts and techniques from the fields of oral medicine, periodontology, radiology, endodontics, restorative dentistry, dental trauma, and probability and sampling. It is a compendium of work by internationally recognized oral clinicians and public healthcare leaders in dentistry. It presents updates on some of the most pertinent issues within the practice of dentistry, such as regenerative endodontic procedures, the unique role of radiographs, recognition of child abuse, and dental statistics.
  • Publication
    Co-Producing and Co-Designing
    ( 2022)
    Glenn Robert, Louise Locock, Oli Williams, Jocelyn Cornwell, Sara Donetto, Joanna Goodrich
    Many healthcare improvement approaches originated in manufacturing, where end users are framed as consumers. But in healthcare, greater recognition of the complexity of relationships between patients, staff, and services (beyond a provider-consumer exchange) is generating new insights and approaches to healthcare improvement informed directly by patient and staff experience. Co-production sees patients as active contributors to their own health and explores how interactions with staff and services can best be supported. Co-design is a related but distinct creative process, where patients and staff work in partnership to improve services or develop interventions. Both approaches are promoted for their technocratic benefits (better experiences, more effective and safer services) and democratic rationales (enabling inclusivity and equity), but the evidence base remains limited. This Element explores the origins of co-production and co-design, the development of approaches in healthcare, and associated challenges; in reviewing the evidence, it highlights the implications for practice and research.
  • Publication
    Collaboration-Based Approaches
    ( 2022)
    Graham Martin, Mary Dixon-Woods
    Collaboration-based approaches to healthcare improvement attract much attention. They involve networks of people coming together to cooperate around a common interest, with shared goals of improving care and mutual learning. Longstanding examples of collaborative approaches have been associated with some success in improving outcomes and reducing harm. The evidence for their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, however, remains inconsistent and contingent on the circumstances in which they are deployed and how they are used for what purpose. Several models for collaboration have been developed, varying in structure, format, and balance between internal leadership and external control. The authors focus on two approaches: quality improvement collaboratives and communities of practice. They explore evidence of their impact on health outcomes, and evidence about how best to organise and implement collaboration-based approaches. Using examples of more and less successful collaborations, they offer guidance on the key challenges involved in using collaboration-based approaches to improve healthcare.
  • Publication
    Current Concepts in Dental Implantology - From Science to Clinical Research
    ( 2022)
    Dragana Gabrić, Marko Vuletić, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke (editors)
    Current Concepts in Dental Implantology - From Science to Clinical Research presents comprehensive information on all modern scientific and clinical methods used in today's dental implantology. Chapters address such topics as osseointegration and basic science in dental implantology, current trends and biomaterials of clinical relevance, advanced clinical techniques, peri-implantitis, and prosthodontic trends in dental implantology. This book provides a better understanding of the scientific approach to basic concepts in dental implantology and presents the results of many clinical studies.
  • Publication
    Current Trends in Orthodontics
    ( 2022)
    Farid Bourzgui, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke (editors)
    This book explores current trends in orthodontics. It covers a broad range of topics over four sections: “Current Evidence on Tooth Movement,” “Digitization and Workflow,” “Orthodontics Techniques and Trends,” and “Early Treatment.”
  • Publication
    Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials
    ( 2022)
    Laura-Cristina Rusu, Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke (editors)
    Dental caries affects people throughout their lifetime, being a major factor in oral pain, aesthetic impairment, and edentulism. Untreated dental caries can affect adjoining oral tissues and lead to systemic complications. Prevention represents a key factor in managing this condition and includes public health measures, addressing risk factors as well as access to oral health services. A regular dental examination is crucial for detecting early signs of caries and determining optimal treatment. The proper selection of restoration methods and restorative materials may represent the difference between success and failure in dental caries management. This book includes seven chapters that focus on various important aspects of dental caries, including etiology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and management.
  • Publication
    Ethics, Integrity and Policymaking
    ( 2022)
    Dónal O'Mathúna, Ron Iphofen (Editors)
    This Open Access book provides illustrative case studies that explore various research and innovation topics that raise challenges requiring ethical reflection and careful policymaking responses. The cases highlight diverse ethical challenges and provide lessons for the various options available for policymaking. Cases are drawn from many fields, including artificial intelligence, space science, energy, data protection, professional research practice and pandemic planning. Case studies are particularly helpful with ethical issues to provide crucial context. This book reflects the ambiguity of ethical dilemmas in contemporary policymaking. Analyses reflect current debates where consensus has not yet been achieved. These cases illustrate key points made throughout the PRO-RES EU-funded project from which they arise: that ethical judgement is a fluid enterprise, where values, principles and standards must constantly adjust to new situations, new events and new research developments. This book is an indispensable aid to policymaking that addresses, and/or uses evidence from, novel research developments. This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment
    ( 2022)
    Dilly OC Anumba, Shamanthi M. Jayasooriya (Editors)
    In this open access book the NIHR Global Health research group on preterm birth, PRIME, prioritizes the development of prenatal risk assessment guidance for preterm birth. This book is based on global literature, published international, national and regional guidance and it is structured into six chapters providing: an overview of the domains for risk assessment and the summary recommendations in greater depth maternal demographics and past pregnancy histories, accurate pregnancy dating, and the contribution of infection, nutritional status and substance misuse to preterm birth risk. Each chapter has structured sections which include a) background information, b) an evidence statement highlighting the risk factors covered, and c) practical recommendations for evaluating those risks as well as the evidenced recommended and effective interventions for women deemed to be at risk. The chapter ends with clinical and research recommendations regarding factors of unknown or unproven risk (“myth busters”). This open access book will be a very useful guide for all health care professionals involved in delivering pregnancy care. This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Children and Adolescents
    ( 2022)
    Jasmine Abdulcadir, Noémie Sachs Guedj, Michal Yaron (Editors)
    This open access illustrated guide focuses on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in children and adolescents. FGM/C comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or injury to the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons. It is mainly carried out during childhood, before the age of 15. The signs of FGM/C can be subtle, and the examiner must be trained with a wide range of normal genitalia both before and after puberty, FGM/C types and subtypes, complications and differential diagnosis. This volume is a reference containing iconographic material of both pre and post pubertal genitals with and without genital cutting. This book will guide health care professionals in making the correct diagnosis, outline the clinical management, enhance patient–provider communication, and will enable accurate recording and reporting to governments where required. This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?
    ( 2022)
    Samiran Nundy, Atul Kakar, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
    The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Human Tooth and Developmental Dental Defects - Compositional and Genetic Implications
    ( 2022)
    Ana Gil De Bona, Hakan Karaaslan (editors)
    The unique tissues of human teeth, enamel, and dentin have been studied by scientists to understand their structure, physical and chemical properties, and the developmental machinery behind these extraordinary properties. During the developmental process, genetic, and environmental factors or the interplay between them may cause defects in dental hard tissues, impairing their biology and function. These defects have long been studied to provide better dental care and to find novel treatment options. Understanding the mechanical, chemical, and structural differences in developmental dental defects is also crucial for a routine dental practice, as many of these lesions do not have pathognomonic properties. This book focuses on the qualitative and quantitative properties of the sound enamel and dentin as well as the affected human tooth structures. It examines how genetics impact oral and dental health, the role of fluoride and trace elements in mineralization and the related clinical implications, and the impact of different approaches to diagnose and treat these developmental disorders.
  • Publication
    IAEA Atlas of Cardiac PET/CT
    ( 2022)
    Marcelo F. Di Carli, Maurizio Dondi, Raffaele Giubbini, Diana Paez (Editors)
    This open access book presents a wide portfolio of examples of positron emission tomography coupled with computer tomography (PET/CT) studies in various cardiac conditions in order to provide a rationale for the implementation of this technology in an array of clinical conditions. Several imaging tools help to non-invasively diagnose, stratify risk and guide management in cardiac disease. They include nuclear cardiology techniques, using either SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) or PET/CT. While myocardial imaging with SPECT has been fully embraced by the cardiology community and is widely available worldwide, PET/CT introduction has been slower, due not only to its higher costs, but also to the limited availability of PET/VCT scanners, mostly utilized for oncological applications. This book is an invaluable tool for nuclear medicine physicians, cardiologists and radiologists. This work is licensed under a CC BY IGO
  • Publication
    Implementation Science
    ( 2022)
    Paul Wilson, Roman Kislov
    This Element introduces and critically reflects on the contribution of implementation science to healthcare improvement efforts. Grounded in several disciplines, implementation science is the study of strategies to promote the uptake of evidence-based interventions into healthcare practice and policy. The field's focus is threefold. First, it encompasses theory and empirical research focused on exploring, identifying, and understanding the systems, behaviours, and practices that influence successful implementation. Second, it examines the evaluation of strategies to address barriers or enablers to implementation in a given context. Last, it increasingly seeks to understand the process of implementation itself: what actually gets implemented, and when, why, and how? Despite the growing body of evidence, challenges remain. Many important messages remain buried in the literature, and their impact on implementation efforts in routine practice may be limited. The challenge is not just to get evidence into practice, but also to get implementation science into practice.
  • Publication
    Improving Oncology Worldwide
    ( 2022)
    Uta Schmidt-Straßburger (Editors)
    This open access book describes strategies and experiences of highly skilled professionals in improving oncology care worldwide. The book is structured into three main sections with several chapters each, reflecting the authors' individual, real-life experiences. It explores ways to improve oncology education and scientific training, how to set up and run a clinical research facility ethically and efficiently in low- and middle-income settings, addressing the challenges that the workforce encounters in the real world. This book addresses oncologists all over the world and their allies throughout the associated industries to highlight the importance of shared and sustainable education, clinical research and global cancer care. This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    Kantianism for Animals
    ( 2022)
    Nico Dario Müller
    This open access book revises Kant’s ethical thought in one of its most notorious respects: its exclusion of animals from moral consideration. The book gives readers in animal ethics an accessible introduction to Kant’s views on our duties to others, and his view that we have only ‘indirect’ duties regarding animals. It then investigates how one would have to depart from Kant in order to recognise that animals matter morally for their own sake. Particular attention is paid to Kant’s ‘Formula of Humanity,' the role of autonomy and the moral law, as well as Kant’s notions of practical reason and animal instinct. The result is a deliberately amended version of Kantianism which nevertheless remains faithful to central aspects of Kant’s thought. The book’s final part illustrates the framework’s use in applied contexts, addressing the issues of using animals as mere means, the ethics of veganism and vegetarianism, and environmental protection. Nico Dario Müller shows how, when furnished with duties to animals, Kant's moral philosophy can be a powerful resource for animal ethicists. This work is licensed under a CC BY
  • Publication
    KCNQ2- and KCNQ3- Associated Epilepsy
    ( 2022)
    Edited by Sarah Weckhuysen, Alfred L. George, Jr
    KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 encode subunits (KV7.2, KV7.3) that combine to form a voltage-gated potassium ion (K+) channel responsible for generating an ionic current (M-current) important for controlling activity in the nervous system. Pathogenic variants in both genes are associated with a spectrum of genetic neurological disorders that feature epilepsy of variable severity and can be accompanied by debilitating impaired neurodevelopment. These two genes were among the first discovered causes of monogenic epilepsy, and are frequently identified in persons with early-life epilepsy. This Element provides a comprehensive review of the clinical features, genetic basis, pathophysiology, pharmacology and treatment of these prototypical neurological disorders accompanied by perspectives shared by affected families and scientists who have made seminal contributions to the field