Journal Articles - Health - 2021
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PublicationPhytochemicals intended for anticancer effects at preclinical levels to clinical practice: Assessment of formulations at nanoscale for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy( 2021)Over the past few decades, many of the phytochemicals have been shown to possess extraordinary anticancer effects, clinical tested, approved as drugs, and currently in use. A considerable number of phytochemicals either as a single-agent or combined with existing anticancer drugs at pre-clinical and clinical levels have been evaluated to date. However, the clinical trials on phytochemical evaluations against the world's top-ranked cancer, NSCLC, was found to be a very little. Some of the phytochemicals that showed significant anticancer activity against NSCLC in vitro and/or in vivo at the preclinical levels are highlighted in this review article. There are several impediments such as poor solubility, poor bioavailability, low stability, a requirement of high doses, safety and toxicity that limits the wide-spread use of phytochemicals in clinical oncology. Nanotherapeutic systems can help to overcome the aforementioned issues and wide open the gates to focus on phyto-oncotherapy, in particular NSCLC. The current review aims to summarize the importance of phytochemicals as anticancer agents, with a special mention on nano-formulations to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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PublicationThe Economic Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Vietnam( 2021)Our objective is to analyze the economic burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Vietnam, particularly in District 2 Hospital at Ho Chi Minh City in 2019. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data source is the medical records of the patients. Encoding the data, analyzing treatment cost, regression modeling, and verification were performed using Stata 15 software. Patients with stage 3 CKD account for the highest proportion of the CKD patient population. CKD comorbidities include hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and anemia, which increase the treatment fees of patients. Approximately half of the patients with CKD have diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Treatment costs increase as the condition of the patient worsens (except for stage 1 and 2 CKD). The total expenses of all CKD patients in District 2 Hospital were USD 916 423 988.60. Five main factors that affect the treatment fee of a patient: CKD stage, age, gender, and the presence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and anemia. The regression model correctly predicts 96% of cases and can explain 64.15% of the fluctuations in costs. The cost of CKD treatment was higher than Vietnam’s per capita GDP in 2019, and the primary factors affecting costs are comorbidities and dialysis.
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PublicationVolatile Organic Compounds in Primary Schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Characterization and Health Risk Assessment( 2021)Limited information about exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in primary schools in Vietnam is available. In this study, we aimed to characterize indoor VOCs in four primary schools situated in Ho Chi Minh City, a metropolis in the south of Vietnam and assess health risks linked to the students’ exposure to VOCs. Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected in the schools and analyzed for volatile composition using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Different classes of VOCs, including aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, aldehydes, esters, cyclic terpenes, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, were identified and quantified in classrooms of the schools. The results showed that the concentrations of the VOCs differed significantly among the schools and between ground-floor and first floor classrooms. In addition, VOC profiles differed considerably between air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned classrooms. Limonene, a compound associated with fragrance products, was the most abundant VOC, with the median (range) concentration of 26.12 (10.29, 50.08) μg/m3. The concentrations of the compounds examined in the study were in general found to be higher indoors compared with outdoors, signifying indoor emission sources. Potential harmful effects are expected as a result of exposure to benzene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and tetrachloroethylene in the investigated schools. Further research is needed to fully assess the health risks to students, teachers, and staff in these educational environments.
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PublicationAnalyses of Bone Regeneration Capacity of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone and Combined Deproteinized–Demineralized Bovine Bone Particles in Mandibular Defects: The Potential Application of Biological Forms of Bovine-Bone Filler( 2021)Objective This study aimed to evaluate bone regeneration capacity of FDBX granules compared to composite DBBM/DFDBX granules for filling of bone defect in rabbit mandible. Material and Methods Critical size defects were created in 45 rabbits' mandible. The defect in the control group is left untreated, while in other groups the defects were filled with FDBX granules and composite DBBM/DFDBX granules, respectively. Specimens were collected at 2, 4, and 8 weeks for histology and immunohistochemical analyses. Significant difference is set at p-value < 0.05. Results The osteoblast-osteoclast quantification, osteoblast expression of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, collagen-I, and osteocalcin, and osteoclast expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in FDBX groups were statistically comparable (p > 0.05) with the composite group, while OPG/RANKL ratio, bone healing scores, and trabecular area were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the composite compared to FDBX group. Conclusion Composite DBBM/DFDBX granules, within the limitation of this study, has better bone forming capacity than FDBX granules for filling of bone defects in the mandible.